Eastman's map of Kansas and Nebraska territories showing the location of the Indian reserves according to the treaties of 1854
Date: Between 1854 and 1856
This map shows the locations of the new or reduced lands of Indian tribes according to the treaties of 1854. With the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, the former Indian Territory was opened to white settlement, and the government looked for ways to relocate the native tribes who had made their homes in Kansas. To create more land for white settlement, George Manypenny, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, negotiated treaties with Indian tribes that ceded much of the Indians' lands to the government. This land could then be sold to white emigrants. Naturally, these events helped to exacerbate existing tensions between settlers and Native Americans, contributing to the Indian Wars that occupied the U.S. Army during and after the American Civil War.

Names and numbers of Indian tribes which must have possessions in the Indian Territory
Creator: McCoy, Isaac, 1784-1846
Date: November 1, 1832
Isaac McCoy, a Baptist missionary and surveyor, compiled this list of Indian tribes and their estimated populations. McCoy advocated Indian removal to western lands because he believed that the white man's influence on natives was corrupting. On this chart he listed about 45 tribes from all over the eastern United States. Only some of these tribes were relocated to Indian Territory (present-day Kansas). Eventually, the bulk of the lands in question were taken from Native Americans and sold to white settlers as more and more Americans moved to the West during the 19th century.

The Indian tribes of Kansas
Creator: Howes, Cecil, 1880-1950
Date: 1940-1950
This item was written by Charles Cecil Howes sometime after World War II in order to educate the public about the Native American tribes in Kansas. As Howes indicates, the "fourth Saturday of September of each year has been designated by the Kansas legislature as American Indian Day when the schools and the public are to make proper observance in honor of the Native Americans and their service to the country. Most patriotic organizations and many of the schools provide special programs for the day particularly honoring the thousands of Indians who served well and honorably in two World Wars."

United States Office of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency, St. Louis, Missouri. Volume 12, Property returns
Creator: United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Central Superintendency
Date: 1840-1843
This volume contains the property returns recorded by Superintendents of Indian Affairs, Joshua Pilcher (1839-1841) and David D. Mitchell (1841-1844). Property listed includes office furniture, stationery supplies, gunpowder, weaponry, and other provisions granted by treaty stipulations. Volumes 12 and 13 are bound together. Partial funding for the digitization of these records was provided by the National Park Service.

United States Office of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency, St. Louis, Missouri. Volume 13, Accounts
Creator: United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Central Superintendency
Date: 1840-1843
This volume contains records of current accounts of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency, at St. Louis, Missouri. Joshua Pilcher (1839-1841) and David D. Mitchell (1841-1844) held this position following the death of William Clark (of the Lewis and Clark Expedition) in 1838. Expenditures are recorded for several sub-agencies, including Fort Leavenworth, Upper Missouri, Council Bluffs, Great Nemaha and Osage River, and the various Indian tribes in each region. These expenditures included salaries for blacksmiths and interpreters and agricultural implements. Volumes 12 and 13 are bound together. Partial funding for the digitization of these records was provided by the National Park Service.

United States Office of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency, St. Louis, Missouri. Volume 17, Accounts
Creator: United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Central Superintendency
Date: 1843-1853
This volume contains records of current accounts of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency, at St. Louis, Missouri. David D. Mitchell held this position from 1849-1853. Expenditures are recorded for several sub-agencies, including Fort Leavenworth, Upper Missouri, Council Bluffs, Great Nemaha and Osage River, and the various Indian tribes in each region. These expenditures included salaries for blacksmiths and interpreters, annuities, and provisions. Partial funding for the digitization of these records was provided by the National Park Service. Volumes 16 and 17 are bound together.

United States Office of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency, St. Louis, Missouri. Volume 18/19, Property returns and accounts
Creator: United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Central Superintendency
Date: 1839-1840
These volumes contain records of current accounts and property returns as recorded by the Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Joshua Pilcher, at the Central Superintendency in St. Louis, Missouri. Property listed includes office furniture, stationery supplies, and other provisions granted by treaty stipulations. Expenditures are recorded for several sub-agencies, including Fort Leavenworth, Upper Missouri, Council Bluffs, Great Nemaha and Osage River, and the various Indian tribes in each region. These expenditures included salaries for blacksmiths and interpreters and agricultural implements. Partial funding for the digitization of these records was provided by the National Park Service.

United States Office of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency, St. Louis, Missouri. Volume 26, Accounts
Creator: United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Central Superintendency
Date: 1826-1836
This volume contains records of accounts of Indian agents as recorded by the Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency, at St. Louis, Missouri. These Indian agents included John F. Hamtramck, Lawrence Taliaferro, Pierre Menard, Jonathan L. Bean, John Dougherty, and John F.A. Sanford. Several pages in this volume are empty or missing. This volume also includes expenditures relating to the Treaty of Prairie du Chien of July 15, 1830. Such expenditures include the support of blacksmiths, the purchase of agricultural implements, and the education of Indian children from several tribes.

United States Office of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency, St. Louis, Missouri. Volume 2, Miscellaneous letters and documents
Creator: United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Central Superintendency
Date: 1813-1825
This volume includes a few letters sent by William Clark; some from Indian agents; articles of several Indian treaties; various permits and statements in no consistent chronological order. William Clark (of the Lewis and Clark Expedition) served as Indian superintendent for the central superintendency from 1807 until his death in 1838. This volume concludes with the "Trial of the Winnebagoe Murderers." Three Winnebago tribesmen, named Jerago, Whorahjirka, and Chewacahra, give testimony about the murders of two American soldiers. Volumes 2 and 3 are bound together. A searchable, full-text version of this volume is available by clicking "Text Version" below. Partial funding for the digitization of these records was provided by the National Park Service.

United States Office of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency, St. Louis, Missouri. Volume 31, Diary
Creator: United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Central Superintendency
Date: 1826-1831
William Clark kept this diary during his tenure as the Superintendent of Indian Affairs at St. Louis, Missouri. The diary consists primarily of meteorological data, steamboat arrivals, arrivals and departures of Indians, and a few notes of deaths, accidents, and marriages. A searchable, full-text (PDF) transcription is available under "External Links" below. Partial funding for the digitization of these records was provided by the National Park Service.

United States Office of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency, St. Louis, Missouri. Volume 7, Correspondence
Creator: United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Central Superintendency
Date: 1839-1845
Correspondence sent from the Office of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency in St. Louis, Missouri. The Superintendents of Indian Affairs during this period were Joshua Pilcher, David D. Mitchell, and Thomas H. Harvey. Their correspondence with Indian agents and sub-agencies concerned the disbursement of allotments and annuities, the settling of expenses and treaty stipulations, and the nominations of blacksmiths, interpreters, and farmers for several tribes. A searchable, full-text (PDF) transcription is available under "External Links" below.

United States Office of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency, St. Louis, Missouri. Volume 8, Correspondence
Creator: United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Central Superintendency
Date: 1839-1846
Correspondence received by the Central Superintendency at St. Louis, Missouri. The majority of this correspondence is sent from Indian agents, including John Dougherty, Anthony L. Davis, Congreve Jackson, Richard W. Cummins, Stephen Cooper and Joseph V. Hamilton, to the Superintendents of Indian Affairs, including George Maguire, Joshua Pilcher, and David D. Mitchell. Topics discussed include nominations for tribal blacksmiths, reports of alcohol abuse, annuities from the federal government, and funds needed to uphold provisions of various treaties, including the Treaty with the Delawares (1818) and the Treaty of Castor Hill (1832). A searchable, full-text (PDF) transcription is available under "External Links" below.

United States Office of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency, St. Louis, Missouri. Volume 9, Correspondence
Creator: United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Central Superintendency
Date: 1847-1855
This volume contains correspondence sent by the Office of Indian Affairs, Central Superintendency in St. Louis, Missouri from 1847-1855. The correspondence was sent by the Superintendents of Indian Affairs to the Commissioners of Indian Affairs. During this period the superintendents included Thomas H. Harvey, David D. Mitchell, and Alfred Cumming; the commissioners included William Medill, Orlando Brown, Luke Lea, and George Washington Manypenny. Topics of discussion focused on the appropriation of federal funds for treaties, the hiring and firing of Indian agents, and the transportation and storage of goods and supplies. Partial funding for the digitization of these records was provided by the National Park Service. A searchable, full-text (PDF) transcription is available under "External Links" below.