A Chipped Stone Tool Collection from the Andrew Nudson Site, 14RY392
Date: 1000-1500 CE
These three chipped stone tools were collected from a Middle Ceramic period archeological site in Riley County and donated to the Kansas Historical Society in 1925. Shown from left to right are two drills and a corner notched arrow point. All are made of local Flint Hills chert. Drills were used to bore holes in materials softer than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone. The notches on the arrow point, though not well defined, aided in hafting it to the arrow shaft.

Alternately Beveled Knife and Drill from the Anthony Site, 14HP1
Date: 1100-1300 CE
This knife and drill were recovered from the Anthony site in Harper County. Repeated sharpening on the knife's alternate sides created the bevels. It is made of Florence chert from the Flint Hills region and gets its pinkish color as a result of the material being carefully heated before manufacturing to improve the chert's knapping qualities. Drills were used to bore holes in materials softer than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone. The drill is made of Smoky Hill silicified chalk, a type of chert that outcrops in western Kansas and north into Nebraska. The Anthony site dates to the Bluff Creek complex in the Middle Ceramic period. Bluff Creek people practiced a mixed economy of hunting, gathering, and some horticulture.

Chipped Stone Tools from the Pratt/Wing Site, 14PT1
Date: 1300-1500 CE
Shown in this slide is some of the chipped stone tools that were recovered from the Pratt/Wing Archeological Site. The Pratt site was a Pratt Complex Middle Ceramic Period village in Pratt County. The slide shows an assortment of chipped stone tools including side notched arrow points, drills, scrapers, hafted knives, alternately beveled knives and Harahey knives.

Drill Fragment from 14PT420
Date: 1300-1500 CE
This drill fragment was recovered in 1994 by Kansas Historical Society archeologists at a Middle Ceramic period Pratt complex village in Pratt County. Drills were used to bore holes in softer material than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone. The drill is made of Smoky Hill silicified chalk, a type of chert that outcrops in western Kansas and Nebraska.

Drill Fragments from Blue Earth Village, 14PO24
Date: 1795-1830
This base and shaft portion of a drill is missing its tip. Drills were used to bore holes in softer materials than the drill material itself, such as hides, shells, or soft stone. The drill was recovered from the Blue Earth village site, a Kansa Indian village in Pottawatomie County. Many lodge depressions were still visible on the surface of the site in the 1880s.

Drill from 14BT420
Date: 1000-1500 CE
This drill was collected from an archeological site in Barton County and donated to the Kansas Historical Society in 2021. The drill has an expanding base and is made of Smoky Hill silicified chalk, which outcrops in western Kansas and Nebraska. Drills were used to bore holes in softer material than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone. The site had indications of at least one house and a large midden (refuse) area.

Drill from 14DN404
Date: 7000-1 BCE
This drill was collected from an Archaic period kill site in Dickinson County and donated to the Kansas Historical Society in 2016. Drills were used to bore holes in softer material than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone. The drill is made of Florence chert which outcrops in the Flint Hills of Kansas and Oklahoma.

Drill from 14EK319
Date: 1000-1500 CE
This drill was recovered from the surface of a possible Middle Ceramic period archeological site in Elk County and donated to the Kansas Historical Society in 1972. Drills were used to bore holes in softer material than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone.

Drill from 14WY408
Date: 4550-2900 BCE
This drill was repurposed from a Nebo Hill dart point. The artifact was collected from a multicomponent site in Wyandotte County and donated to the Kansas Historical Society in 2018. Nebo Hill folk gathered plants and hunted game. They had a distinctive style of projectile points.

Drill from Fool Chief's Village, 14SH305
Date: 1828-1844
This nearly complete drill was found on the surface during an archeological survey at Fool Chief's Village, a Kansa village site in Shawnee County. Drills were used to bore holes in softer material than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone.

Drill from Hard Chief's Village, 14SH301
Date: 1831-1848 CE
This drill, made of Smoky Hill silicified chalk, was recovered during the 1987 Kansas Archeology Training Program at Hard Chief's Village. Drills were used to bore holes in softer materials than the drill material itself, such as hides, shells, or soft stone. Hard Chief's village was a Kansa site in Shawnee County.

Drill from the Doolin Site, 14AD302
Date: 1-1000 CE
This drill was collected from an Early Ceramic period site in Anderson County by a Kansas Historical Society archeologist documenting the site in 1968. Drills were used to bore holes in softer materials than the drill material itself, such as hides, shells, or soft stone.

Drill from the Kermit Hayes Site, 14RC306
Date: 1450-1700 CE
This drill was recovered from an archeological site in Rice County during the 1981 Kansas Archeology Training Program field school. A drill was used to bore holes in softer materials than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone. This drill is made of Alibates agatized dolomite from the Canadian River valley in the Texas panhandle. This suggests either trade with people further south or travel by this site's inhabitants to the Texas panhandle. The site was a small Great Bend aspect, Little River focus grass-covered pit house that included an entryway, storage pits, post molds and a hearth. The people that inhabited Great Bend aspect sites are ancestral to the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes.

Drill from the Larcom-Haggard Site, 14CO1
Date: 1400-1750 CE
This drill was recovered from the Larcom-Haggard site in Cowley County. Drills were used to bore holes in softer materials than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone. This drill is made of local Florence chert from the Flint Hills region that was carefully heated before manufacturing to improve the chert's knapping qualities. The drill was modified from a Great Bend aspect knife and notched to aid in hafting. The Great Bend aspect (ancestral Wichita) village was discovered in an old river meander with a modern gravel quarry greatly impacting the site. Kansas Historical Society archeologists and crew excavated there in 1996 as the final stage of a salvage project.

Drill from the Larcom-Haggard Site, 14CO1
Date: 1400-1750 CE
This drill was recovered from the Larcom-Haggard archeological site in Cowley County. Drills were used to bore holes in materials softer (hides, shell, or soft stone) than the drill material itself. The drill is made of local Florence chert from the Flint Hills and gets its pinkish color as a result of the material being carefully heated before manufacturing to improve the chert's knapping qualities. The Great Bend aspect (ancestral Wichita) village was discovered in a bend of the Walnut River. A modern gravel quarry destroyed much of the site. Kansas Historical Society archeologists and crew excavated there as the final stage of a salvage project in 1996.

Drill from the Majors Site, 14RC2
Date: 1500-1700 CE
This drill was recovered from the Majors site in Rice County and donated to the Kansas Historical Society in 1982. Drills were used to bore holes in materials softer than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone. It is made of Smoky Hill silicified chalk, a type of chert that outcrops in western Kansas and north into Nebraska. The Majors site was a Great Bend aspect, Little River focus village. The people that inhabited Great Bend aspect sites are ancestral to the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes.

Drill from the Saxman Site, 14RC301
Date: 1500-1650 CE
This drill was collected from the Saxman site, a large Great Bend aspect village in Rice County, and donated to the Kansas Historical Society in 2016. Drills were used to bore holes in softer materials than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone. It is made of local Flint Hills region chert, heat treated to improve its knapping quality. The people that inhabited Great Bend aspect sites are ancestral to the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes.

Drill from the Trowbridge Site, 14WY1
Date: 1-250 CE
This drill was collected from the Trowbridge archeological site, in Wyandotte County, and donated to the Kansas Historical Society in 1973. Drills were used to bore holes in softer material. The drill was possibly modified (reworked) from a dart point. Trowbridge is a Kansas City Hopewell site from the Early Ceramic Period. During this time archeologists find evidence of houses, cultivated plants, and decorated pottery.

Drill from the Wells Site, 14BT404
Date: 1650-1750 CE
This drill was collected from the Wells village site in Barton County and donated to the Kansas Historical Society in 2007. Drills were used to bore holes in softer material than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone. This drill is made of Smoky Hill silicified chalk, a type of chert that outcrops in western Kansas and Nebraska. The village site had an abundance of artifacts that reflect not only a Dismal River aspect occupation (1650 - 1750 CE) but also a historic component.

Drill from the Woods Site, 14CY30
Date: 1000-1500 CE
This drill was recovered from a Clay County Middle Ceramic period village with at least two houses. The drill is made of Florence cert which outcrops in the Flint Hills of Kansas and Oklahoma. Drills were used to bore holes in softer material than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone.

Drills from 14BT413
Date: 1500-1800 CE
These drills were recovered from a Late Ceramic period archeological site in Barton County and donated to the Kansas Historical Society in 2021. Drills were used to bore holes in softer material than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone. Two are made of Smoky Hill silicified chalk, a type of chert that outcrops in western Kansas and north into Nebraska. The other is made of hematite, a relatively soft and fine-grained mineral form of iron oxide.

Drills from 14BT448
Date: 1000-1500 CE
These complete and partial drills were found at an archeological site in Barton County and donated to the Kansas Historical Society in 2021. Drills were used to bore holes in softer materials than the drill material itself, such as hides, shells, or soft stone.

Drills from 14CO1502
Date: Unknown
These two drills were collected from a Cowley County archeological site and donated in 2018 to the Kansas Historical Society. Both drills are made of local Florence chert from the Flint Hills and have been heat treated prior to knapping to improve their knapping qualities. Drills were used to bore holes in softer materials than the drill material itself, such as hides, shells, or soft stone.

Drills from 14DN414
Date: 7000 BCE-500 CE
These four drill fragments were collected from an Archaic period site in Dickinson County and donated in 2010 to the Kansas Historical Society. All are made of Permian chert. Drills were used to bore holes in softer materials than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone.

Drills from 14EK304
Date: Unknown
These seven drills were collected from an archeological site in Elk County and donated to the Kansas Historical Society in 1975. Drills such as these, also called perforators, are sometimes are made from remnants of other tools. They are used to bore holes in softer material than the drill itself, such as hides, shell, wood, or soft stone. Three of the drills had been heat treated to improve knapping quality of the chert.