Bisque Doll Leg from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1845-1905
Shown is a bisque doll leg from the toes up to the knee. It was found during excavations at the Iowa Sac and Fox Mission in Doniphan County by Kansas Historical Society archeologists and Kansas Anthropological Association volunteers. The Presbyterian Mission was built in 1845 and closed in 1863. After that part of the building was razed, the rest was used as a residence until 1905. The State of Kansas acquired to property in 1941.

Bone and Shell Buttons from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1845-1905
These buttons were recovered from excavations at the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission in Doniphan County by Kansas Historical Society archeologists and Kansas Anthropological Association volunteers in 1994. The shell buttons retain traces of incised scallops around the edge and their small size suggests they were used on children's clothing or underwear. The Presbyterian Mission was built in 1845 and closed in 1863. After part of the building was razed, the rest was used as a residence until 1905. The State of Kansas acquired the property in 1941 and transferred it to the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska in 2022.

Bottles from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1845-1905
Shown are two small bottles that were recovered from the excavations at the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission in Doniphan County by Kansas Historical Society archeologists and Kansas Anthropological Association volunteers. The Presbyterian Mission was built in 1845 and closed in 1863. After that part of the building was razed, the rest was used as a residence until 1905. The State of Kansas acquired to property in 1941. Both bottles likely once held medicine or pharmaceuticals.

Buckles from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1845-1905
These buckles and strap slides were recovered from excavations at the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission in Doniphan County by Kansas Historical Society archeologists and Kansas Anthropological Association volunteers in 1994. The upper left slide was patented on May 2nd, 1867. The upper right artifact may have been a suspender buckle and was made by the Nashawannuk Manufacturing Company of Easthampton, Massachusetts, who began making suspenders in 1850. The Presbyterian Mission was built in 1845 and closed in 1863. After part of the building was razed, the rest was used as a residence until 1905. The State of Kansas acquired the property in 1941 and transferred it to the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska in 2022.

Buttons from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1845-1905
These five buttons were among the many that were recovered from an excavation at the Iowa Sac and Fox Mission in Doniphan County by Kansas Historical Society archeologists and Kansas Anthropological Association volunteers. The Presbyterian Mission was built in 1845 and closed in 1863. After that part of the building was razed, the rest was used as a residence until 1905. The State of Kansas acquired to property in 1941. Shown are three four-hole sew through buttons, one each of wood, china, and shell. Also shown is a brown china two-hole sew through button and a shell and brass loop or shank style button.

Buttons from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1845-1886
Shown are three of many buttons that were recovered from excavation at the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, in Doniphan County. The Mission was built as a boarding school for Iowa and Sac and Fox children and later changed its purpose to an Orphan Indian Institute. Shown are a four hole sew through wooden or bone button with a fifth hole partially drilled in the center. The small shell button is also a four hole sew through, and likely was used for a child's or infant's clothing. The final button shown is a four hole dish china button with a brown asterisk calico pattern.

Buttons from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1845-1905
These seven buttons were among the many that were recovered from an excavation at the Iowa Sac and Fox Mission in Doniphan County by Kansas Historical Society archeologists and Kansas Anthropological Association volunteers. The Presbyterian Mission was built in 1845 and closed in 1863. After that part of the building was razed, the rest was used as a residence until 1905. The State of Kansas acquired to property in 1941. Shown are a brass button front with a Greek Key pattern and two shell buttons, one with an inset center and the other a three-hole button in a floral shape. Additionally, there are four china buttons: two four-hole dish buttons (one with traces of purple coloring), a three-hole dish button and a two-hole Prosser button in two shades of brown.

Chief of the Iowas drawing
Creator: McKenney, Thomas Loraine, 1785-1859
Date: 1933
This is a drawing of Mahaskah, Chief of the Iowas, and son of Chief Mahaska and Rantchewaime. On the death of his father, Mahaskah was unanimously elected chief of the Iowas. The bear claws worn around his neck in this drawing belonged to his father. The drawing was copied from "The Indian Tribes Of North America with Biographical Sketches and Anecdotes of the Principal Chiefs" by Thomas L. McKenney and James Hall, new edition, edited by Frederick Webb Hodge.

Chief White Cloud
Date: Between 1930 and 1939
This is a postcard showing James White Cloud "The gro-wo-nung" born May 15, 1840, on the Iowa Indian Mission east of Highland Kansas. He served in the Union Army as a Scout for Company C of the 14th Kansas Cavalry. From 1866 until his death on July 16, 1940, he served as Chief of the Iowa Indian Nation.

Chronology of the Iowa and Sac and Fox Indians in Doniphan County, Kansas
Date: 1882
This chronology details major events occurring between 1837-1855 among the Iowa and Sac and Fox Indians who had been relocated to Kansas after the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Topics mentioned within the chronology include warfare among relocated tribes, the arrival of white emigrants, disease, mission buildings, and treaties ceding land to the United States government. During the period covered in this item unfolded a large number of white settlers began moving into the lands that the tribes occupied, especially after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854.

Coins from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1854-1864
Shown are two coins that were recovered from the excavations at the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission in Doniphan County by Kansas Historical Society archeologists and Kansas Anthropological Association volunteers. The Presbyterian Mission was built in 1845 and closed in 1863. After that, part of the building was razed, the rest was used as a residence until 1905. The State of Kansas acquired to property in 1941. The 1854 half dime shows a seated Liberty, 13 stars, and an arrow on each side of the year on the obverse side. The arrows indicate that that the coin weight had been reduced. The reverse of the half dime shows the face value of the coin, a wreath, and the words "UNITED STATES of AMERICA." The 2¢ coin's obverse side shows a shield with "IN GOD WE TRUST" on the banner and the mint date of 1864. The reverse side is too corroded to discern what was present.

Colonel Don Estevan Miro to the Ioway Indians
Date: March 15, 1784
This document was presented to Antoine Burada by his uncle, George Campbell. George Campbell was the "half-breed" son of Vance Murray Campbell, a fur trader and U. S. treaty interpreter, who fathered several children by the daughter of No Heart, an Ioway chief. Their daughter Emily (sister of George) married Michael T. Barada. Their son Antoine Barada (1863-1924) of White Cloud, Kansas, was one of several by that name in the Ioway and Omaha tribes, so he is not to be confused with his first cousin Antoine Barada (1807-1885) of Barada, Nebraska, a celebrated figure in that state's folklore. This is the Antoine Barada who signed the treaty between the United States and the Kansas Nation, at St. Louis, in 1815. The document is addressed to "de la Nacion Ayoas" - the Ioway nation - and was signed by Colonel Don Estevan Miro, who was the Spanish governor of Louisiana during the period when it was secretly deeded by the French to the Spanish. It was presented to the Iowa Nation at the Spanish Office of the Province of Louisiana, at New Orleans, March 15, 1784. This document was donated to the Kansas Historical Society circa 1905 according to the Transactions of KSHS, vol. 9 (1905-1906), p. 251, note 55.

Decorated Buttons from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1845-1905
These buttons were recovered from excavations at the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission in Doniphan County by Kansas Historical Society archeologists and Kansas Anthropological Association volunteers in 1994. Shown are a variety of button styles: loop, shank, overall button, and button fronts. The black button with the loop motif has a back mark that reads "N R CO GOODYEAR'S P=T 1851." This is the mark of the Novelty Rubber Company that manufactured these type of buttons between 1853 and 1872. The Presbyterian Mission was built in 1845 and closed in 1863. After part of the building was razed, the rest was used as a residence until 1905. The State of Kansas acquired the property in 1941 and transferred it to the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska in 2022.

Die Indianer der Vereinigten Staaten
Creator: Hunnius, Ado, 1842-1923
Date: 1870-1900
This item contains an article on the Indians of the United States written by Carl Julius Adolph Hunnius. Known as Ado to his friends and colleagues, Hunnius was a Civil War veteran, Indian Wars veteran, artist, writer, and long time resident of Kansas. The article, printed entirely in German, contains information compiled by Hunnius on the Native American tribes in the United States. Details include the branch of the tribe (Stamm), place of residence (Wohnsitz), county, and the total number of men, women and children (Manner, Weiber, und Kinder) for each tribe. The information provided in the article was taken from the offical reports of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. The article also mentions that there were a total of 100,000 civilized Indians, 135,000 half-civilized Indians, and 81,000 "Wild" Indians.

Dinner Plate from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1845-1870
This partial dinner plate was recovered from excavations at the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission in Doniphan County by Kansas Historical Society archeologists and Kansas Anthropological Association volunteers in 1994. The scalloped shell-like edge is a transferware pattern called "shell-edged" that was popular from the late 1700s to the 1860s. The Presbyterian Mission was built in 1845 and closed in 1863. After part of the building was razed, the rest was used as a residence until 1905. The State of Kansas acquired the property in 1941 and transferred it to the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska in 2022.

Dishes from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1845-1905
These six dish sherds were recovered from excavation at the Iowa Sac and Fox Mission in Doniphan County. The sherds represent six different plates or cups and are either decorated by hand painting or by transfer printing. They depict floral and landscape motifs. The Presbyterian Mission was built in 1845 and closed in 1863. After that part of the building was razed, the rest was used as a residence until 1905. The State of Kansas acquired to property in 1941.

Dr. D. Jayne Liniment or Counterirritant Bottle from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1831-1905
This aqua patent medicine bottle was recovered from excavations at the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission in Doniphan County. The medicine was advertised as being for "sprains, bruises, etc." David Jayne, 1798/99-1866, offered various cures from 1831 onward. The medicinal line continued to make the products after Jayne's death. The Presbyterian Mission was built in 1845 and closed in 1863. After that part of the building was razed, the rest was used as a residence until 1905. The State of Kansas acquired to property in 1941.

Dr. D. Jayne Liniment or Counterirritant Bottle from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1831-1905
This aqua patent medicine bottle was recovered from excavation at the Iowa Sac and Fox Mission in Doniphan County. The medicine was advertised as being for "sprains, bruises, etc." David Jayne, 1798/99-1866, offered various cures from 1831 onward. The medicinal line continued to make the products after Jayne's death. The Presbyterian Mission was built in 1845 and closed in 1863. After that part of the building was razed, the rest was used as a residence until 1905. The State of Kansas acquired to property in 1941.

Eastman's map of Kansas and Nebraska territories showing the location of the Indian reserves according to the treaties of 1854
Date: Between 1854 and 1856
This map shows the locations of the new or reduced lands of Indian tribes according to the treaties of 1854. With the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, the former Indian Territory was opened to white settlement, and the government looked for ways to relocate the native tribes who had made their homes in Kansas. To create more land for white settlement, George Manypenny, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, negotiated treaties with Indian tribes that ceded much of the Indians' lands to the government. This land could then be sold to white emigrants. Naturally, these events helped to exacerbate existing tensions between settlers and Native Americans, contributing to the Indian Wars that occupied the U.S. Army during and after the American Civil War.

Embroidery Scissors from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1845-1905
This embroidery scissor was recovered from excavations at the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission in Doniphan County by Kansas Historical Society archeologists and Kansas Anthropological Association volunteers in 1994. The small scissors had pointed blades, perfect for snipping threads. The Presbyterian Mission was built in 1845 and closed in 1863. After part of the building was razed, the rest was used as a residence until 1905. The State of Kansas acquired the property in 1941 and transferred it to the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska in 2022.

Emil Campbell audio interview on experiences in World War II
Creator: Campbell, Emil
Private First Class [PFC] Campbell was drafted into the Army (Infantry) in 1942 and served until 1946 in the Company B, 324th Regiment, 82nd Infantry Division, 9th Army. He was in an anti aircraft group that trained at Camp Wallace near Galveston, Texas. He ultimately served in Europe. He describes what they saw on Omaha Beach about a month after the invasions, the Siegfried Line, Berlin, and other places in Europe. He was interviewed by Suzette McCord-Rogers. He was born on the Iowa Reservation in Brown County, Kansas, on September 9, 1923. He said that he only finished 10th grade but that he also attended Haskell Institute (now Haskell Indian Nations University) in Lawrence, Kansas, for 2 years. After the war, he used the G. I. Bill for training to become a furniture finisher and upholsterer. He indicated that furniture refinishing was his occupation but at another point in the interview he said he worked in a packing house in Omaha, Nebraska. He also used the G. I. Bill for a home loan. The 2005 Kansas Legislature passed a bill funding the WWII Veterans Oral History grant program. This transcript is from one of the nine community institutions that received these grants. The transcript from the interview is presented here; the original audio copy of the interview is available through the Doniphan County Historical Society (Troy) and through the Kansas State Historical Society.

Flatware from the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission, 14DP384
Date: 1845-1905
These knife and fork fragments were recovered from excavations at the Iowa and Sac and Fox Mission in Doniphan County by Kansas Historical Society archeologists and Kansas Anthropological Association volunteers in 1994. The bone handles on the forks have been further decorated with incised lines. The Presbyterian Mission was built in 1845 and closed in 1863. After part of the building was razed, the rest was used as a residence until 1905. The State of Kansas acquired the property in 1941 and transferred it to the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska in 2022.

George A. Root to Mr. Elliott of Coffeyville
Creator: Root, George A. (George Allen), 1867-1949
Date: February 22, 1933
In this letter to Mr. Elliott of Coffeyville, Kansas State Historical Society Curator of Archives George A. Root provides some brief information regarding Samuel Irvin. Root explains that Irvin "arrived in Kansas in 1837, and established at Highland a mission for the Iowa and Sac Indians. He is described as a man of slight build, and absolutely fearless."

Glen Campbell video interview on experiences in World War II
Creator: Campbell, Glen
Private Campbell enlisted in the Army (Infantry) in 1941 and served until 1943 in the Co. B, 134th Infantry Division, 35th Division; Special Services. He worked in a movie theater in Mineal Wells, Texas. He used the G. I. Bill for a home loan. He had joined the National Guard with friends before he enlisted in the Army. He was interviewed by Suzette McCord-Rogers. He was born on the Iowa reservation near White Cloud, Kansas, on September 1, 1919. He attended school in Seattle, Washington; Genoa, Nebraska; and Haskell Indian Junior College in Lawrence, Kansas. He did not graduate from Haskell. He worked with a carnival for a number of years before the war running a concession stand. In 1937, he worked in a Civilian Conservation Camp in Montana. After the war, he worked for General Motors in Kansas City for 27 years. The 2005 Kansas Legislature passed a bill funding the WWII Veterans Oral History grant program. This transcript is from one of the nine community institutions that received these grants. The transcript from the interview is presented here; the original video copy of the interview is available through the Doniphan County Historical Society (Troy) and through the Kansas State Historical Society.

H.E. Bruce to Charles Cecil Howes
Creator: Bruce, H.E.
Date: May 18, 1939
These are several items from H.E. Bruce that were sent to Charles Cecil Howes. The first item is a letter from Bruce to Howes that concerns the meeting Bruce was having with the Potawatomies on May 21, 1939. Bruce, U.S. Indian Agent for the Potawatomie, attached a copy of the 43-page speech that he was going to give, as well as a sample ballot that was going to be used "in voting on certain questions." In the end, Bruce explained to Howes that "agitators have stirred up a very unwholesome situation, which I think this meeting will largely overcome."