Dr. C. F. is shown with eight women, four in nurses' uniforms, in a photograph marked 'Neurology Class 1942." Dr. C.F. Menninger and his sons, Dr. Karl and Dr. Will, formed a group psychiatry practice in 1919. The Menninger Clinic as a sanitarium was established in 1925 with the purchase of a farm house and admittance of 12 patients in Topeka, Kansas. The philosophy was that mental illness could be treated with an integrated medical, psychodynamic, and developmental approach for the total health of patients.