Thurlow Lieurance and Chief Veu Tura
Date: 1910-1920
This is a photograph showing Thurlow Lieurance with Chief Veu Tura, Sun Priest of the Taos Pueblo Indians. Lieurance was an American composer who was greatly influenced by Native American music. He is best know for his song "By the Water of Minnetonka".

Banks and banking newspaper articles
Creator: Kansas State Historical Society. Library
Date: September 25, 1909-October 22, 1914
Newspaper articles on banks, banking, Joseph N. Dolley, and the blue sky law.

Bentley Bank
Date: 1909
Photograph of the Bentley Bank under construction, with the construction workers posing for the picture.

Barber shop, Bentley, Kansas
Date: 1912
Photograph of a barber and his customer at Elvin Cory's Barber Shop, Bentley, Kansas.

Topeka Industrial Council official Labor Day program
Creator: Topeka Industrial Council
Date: September 07, 1914
A program of the Topeka Industrial Council. The program gives a brief history of the Council as well as a list of other organizations in Topeka, and features a number of advertisements from area businesses.

Switchmen's Union of North America
Creator: Switchmen's Union of North America
Date: Between 1908 and 1909
A booklet advertising the Switchmen's Union of North America, Topeka Lodge No. 12, in Topeka, Kansas. The booklet also contains a brief history of the lodge and a number of advertisements from Topeka businesses.

A study of the present trades union system
Creator: Britton, Wiley
Date: 1909; copyright 1909
A booklet written by Wiley Britton that focuses on the trades union system. The author asks for equal rights, justice and moderation in the dealings of men with each other, and that special privileges should be given to no one.

Governor George Hodges speech
Creator: Kansas. Governor (1913-1915 : Hodges)
Date: January 15, 1913
Governor Hodges gave this speech to the Kansas House of Representatives discouraging the possible passage of a Jim Crow law. Many black Kansans were afraid these laws were going to be passed in Kansas particularly because Oklahoma had so many already in place. Governor Hodges urged that this law or any other of its kind should not be passed. In the end, the Jim Crow law failed to pass.

Constitution and by-laws of the Industrial Council
Creator: Industrial Council of Topeka
Date: March 23, 1906
The constitution and by-laws of the Industrial Council of Topeka, Kansas. The purpose of this council was to promote organizations in trade that were not already organized.

By-laws and trade rules of Wichita Local Union No. 201
Creator: United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America
Date: 1907
The by-laws and trade rules of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, Wichita Local Union, No. 201, Wichita, Kansas.

By-laws of the Coffeyville Central Labor Union
Creator: Coffeyville Central Labor Union
Date: 1908-1909
The by-laws of the Coffeyville Central Labor Union of Coffeyville, Kansas. Among the reasons to organize this group, was the purpose of bringing the "wealth producers of the world to that plane upon which they so justly deserve to stand."

By-laws and trade rules of Carpenter's Union No. 1212
Creator: Carpenters' Union
Date: July 25, 1903
The by-laws and trade rules of Carpenter's Union No. 1212 in Coffeyville, Kansas.

G.W. Lowry to Governor George Hodges
Creator: G.W. Lowry
Date: January 18, 1913
This letter was written by G.W. Lowry to Governor George Hodges. Lowry thanked Governor Hodges for a speech he had recently made to the Kansas House of Representatives discouraging the passage of a Jim Crow law. Lowry was pleased to learn that the Governor opposed the law and that true democracy could still be found in Kansas. This particular Jim Crow law did not pass in Kansas. Many black Kansans at this time were experiencing Jim Crow laws by segregated elementary schools in first class cities and having to pay a poll tax at voting booths. Up until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s few if any changes were made to Jim Crow laws nationwide, especially in the South.

Charles W. Waddell to Governor George Hodges
Creator: Waddell, Charlis, W
Date: June 28, 1914
This letter from Charles W. Waddell, was sent to Governor George Hodges to express his thoughts on the possible passage of a Jim Crow law in Kansas. Waddell, a Wisconsin resident and a supporter of Jim Crow claimed that if the people of Kansas understood who the Negro was, then the law would pass with little opposition. In Waddell's letter he suggests that Governor Hodges supports the passing of the Jim Crow law. Hodges had made a speech to the Kansas House of Representatives in January of 1913 publicly discouraging the passing of any Jim Crow laws in Kansas. The Jim Crow law did not pass. Blacks in Kansas did experience discrimination from Jim Crow laws such as poll taxing and segregated elementary schools. Jim Crow laws were not officially outlawed nationwide until the mid to late 1960s.

Citizens of Wellington, Kansas, to Governor George Hodges
Creator: Citizens of Wellington Kansas
Date: January 11, 1913
This letter was submitted by Jesse Brower on behalf of the citizens of Wellington, Kansas, to Kansas Governor George Hodges concerning the possible passage of a Jim Crow law in Kansas. Brower explained how Jim Crow laws denied black people their basic rights as citizens. The letter goes on to remind Governor Hodges that African Americans had always been loyal, law abiding citizens. He argues that forcing them to live under the rules of Jim Crow would have been shameful and embarrassing. Jim Crow laws were in place in almost all fifty states during this time, especially in the South. Although this particular law failed to pass in Kansas, it would take another fifty-five to sixty years for such laws to be overturned nationwide. The term "Jim Crow" referred to a caricature of a black man in a popular minstrel song of the same name during the late nineteenth century.

Airplane, Iola, Kansas
Date: Between 1905 and 1910
Postcard image of an airplane flying over Iola.

Wonderland Park, Wichita, Kansas
Date: Between 1900 and 1909
A postcard showing the exterior of the dance pavilion at Wonderland Park in Wichita, Kansas.

R. L. Cabell to Governor Walter Stubbs
Creator: United States. Treasury Dept. Office of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue
Date: January 6, 1910
A commissioner from the office of internal revenue, R. L. Cabell, United States Treasury Department, writes Kansas Governor Walter Stubbs to clarify his concern over the issuing of federal revenue stamps to purveyors of illegal liquor in Kansas. Kansas first adopted a constitutional amendment on prohibition in 1881 and by 1909 had outlawed the sale of liquor for medicinal purposes. At this time, Governor Stubbs was particularly frustrated by the federal government's refusal to prosecute Kansas bootleggers from whom it was collecting taxes on liquor sales.

Down comes hatchet. Mrs. Nation's weapon falls on joint at 406 Kansas Avenue
Creator: Topeka State Journal
Date: February 5, 1901
This front page of The Topeka State Journal reports Carry Nation's attack on the Senate Saloon located at 406 Kansas Avenue, Topeka, Kansas. Nation and her followers entered the saloon and billiard parlor at 6:00 am. They smashed furniture and spilled liquor, wrecking the building. Local authorities arrested Nation and charged her with disturbing the peace.

Masonic Temple, Dodge City, Ford County, Kansas
Date: Between 1905 and 1910
Exterior view of the Masonic Temple, Dodge City, Kansas.

Presbyterian Church, Dodge City, Ford County, Kansas
Date: Between 1905 and 1909
Exterior view of the Presbyterian Church in Dodge City, Kansas.

Front Street, Dodge City, Ford County, Kansas
Date: Between 1900 and 1909
View of Front Street in Dodge City, Kansas.

M.E. Church, Brookville, Saline County, Kansas
Date: Between 1905 and 1910
Exterior view of the Methodist Episcopal church, Brookville, Saline County, Kansas.

High School, Syracuse, Hamilton County, Kansas
Date: Between 1905 and 1909
Exterior view of the high school, Syracuse, Kansas. There is a windmill at the side of the building.

Fording Arkansas River, Syracuse, Hamilton County, Kansas
Date: Between1905 and 1909
View of several people in a boat crossing the Arkansas River, Syracuse, Kansas.